Morpho-agronomic evaluation of native maize races associated with Mexican tropical climate agroforestry systems.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is native to Mexico, in which wide genetic diversity can be found; however, maize is at risk of genetic erosion, and agroforestry systems (ASs) can be a strategy for conservation and sustainable use of this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in the morpho-agronomic characteristics of three native maize races, Tuxpeño, Olotillo × Tuxpeño and Ratón × Tepecintle, cultivated in different AS in a tropical climate of Veracruz, Mexico, as well as its association with microclimatic conditions. In 2019, experiments were established in the localities La Gloria and La Luisa, Veracruz, where the three maize races are cultivated, in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme (three native maize races and three AS arrrays, plus monoculture). Ten morpho-agronomic variables were recorded in each experiment and were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA; Tukey's post-hoc test, all p ≤ 0.05) and principal component analysis (PCA). Six morpho-agronomic characteristics showed significant differences for the race × system interaction. Consistently standing out both in the Myroxylon with 2.8 m × 2.0 arrays and in the monoculture was the Olotillo × Tuxpeño race, as there were no variations (p ≥ 0.05) in 50% of its morpho-agronomic characteristics. The first three PCs explained 87.7% of the cumulative variance, determined by five variables of the ears, three of the grain and plant height, which were associated with temperature; therefore, the microclimatic conditions of the studied ASs are associated with the morpho-agronomic characteristics of the native maize races. The results show that ASs could be a strategy for the conservation and use of native corn germplasm and could allow the diversification of sustainable production for rural farmers.

Lesiones otorrinolaringológicas secundarias al sexo oral / Otorhinolaryngology manifestations secondary to oral sex

Introducción: En los últimos años han aumentado de manera significativa las manifestaciones orales y faríngeas secundarias a la práctica de sexo oral. Sin embargo, no hemos encontrado ningún artículo de revisión relacionado con el tema en la literatura médica. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue identificar las manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas asociadas al contacto orogenital/oroanal tanto en pacientes adultos como en niños en el contexto de sexo consentido o de abusos sexuales. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía de la patología otorrinolaringológica asociada a la realización de sexo oral en la base de datos PubMed publicada en los últimos 20 años. Resultados: Las manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas secundarias a práctica de sexo oral en adultos pueden ser infecciosas, tumorales o traumáticas. Las manifestaciones infecciosas más frecuentes encontradas en la literatura son la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (sobre todo, condilomas acuminados y papilomas), sífilis oral o faríngea, faringitis gonocócica, faringitis por Chlamydia trachomatis e infecciones por el virus del herpes simple. Por otra parte, ha aumentado de forma alarmante la incidencia de carcinoma orofaríngeo secundario al virus del papiloma humano. En niños, fuera del periodo neonatal, la presencia de condilomas acuminados, sífilis, gonococia o equimosis en el paladar (esta última no justificada por otras causas) nos deben hacer sospechar la presencia de abusos sexuales. Conclusiones: El cambio de los hábitos sexuales en países occidentales ha dado lugar a la aparición de patologías otorrinolaringológicas excepcionales previamente, por lo que es importante su conocimiento por parte de los médicos de atención primaria para realizar un correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento posterior. Por otra parte, algunos casos de abusos sexuales en niños pueden ser sospechados gracias al conocimiento de las manifestaciones características orofaríngeas secundarias a los mismos (AU)

Introduction: Over the last few years, oral and pharyngeal signs and symptoms due to oral sex have increased significantly. However, no review articles related to this subject have been found in the medical literature. The objective of our study was to identify otorhinolaryngological manifestations associated with orogenital/oroanal contact, both in adults and children, in the context of consensual sex or sexual abuse. Methods: We performed a review of the medical literature on otorhinolaryngological pathology associated with oral sex published in the last 20 years in the PubMed database. Results: Otorhinolaryngological manifestations secondary to oral sex practice in adults can be infectious, tumoral or secondary to trauma. The more common signs and symptoms found in the literature were human papillomavirus infection (above all, condyloma acuminata and papilloma/condyloma), oral or pharyngeal syphilis, gonococcal pharyngitis, herpes simplex virus infection and pharyngitis from Chlamydia trachomatis. The incidence of human papillomavirus -induced oropharyngeal carcinoma has dramatically increased. In children past the neonatal period, the presence of condyloma acuminatus, syphilis, gonorrhoea or palatal ecchymosis (the last one, unless justified by other causes) should make us suspect sexual abuse. Conclusions: Sexual habits have changed in the last decades, resulting in the appearance of otorhinolaryngological pathology that was rarely seen previously. For this reason, it is important for primary care physicians to have knowledge about the subject to perform correct diagnosis and posterior treatment. Some sexual abuse cases in children may also be suspected based on the knowledge of the characteristic oropharyngeal manifestations secondary to them (AU)

Otorhinolaryngology manifestations secondary to oral sex. / Lesiones otorrinolaringológicas secundarias al sexo oral.

INTRODUCTION: Over the last few years, oral and pharyngeal signs and symptoms due to oral sex have increased significantly. However, no review articles related to this subject have been found in the medical literature. The objective of our study was to identify otorhinolaryngological manifestations associated with orogenital/oroanal contact, both in adults and children, in the context of consensual sex or sexual abuse. METHODS: We performed a review of the medical literature on otorhinolaryngological pathology associated with oral sex published in the last 20 years in the PubMed database. RESULTS: Otorhinolaryngological manifestations secondary to oral sex practice in adults can be infectious, tumoral or secondary to trauma. The more common signs and symptoms found in the literature were human papillomavirus infection (above all, condyloma acuminata and papilloma/condyloma), oral or pharyngeal syphilis, gonococcal pharyngitis, herpes simplex virus infection and pharyngitis from Chlamydia trachomatis. The incidence of human papillomavirus -induced oropharyngeal carcinoma has dramatically increased. In children past the neonatal period, the presence of condyloma acuminatus, syphilis, gonorrhoea or palatal ecchymosis (the last one, unless justified by other causes) should make us suspect sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual habits have changed in the last decades, resulting in the appearance of otorhinolaryngological pathology that was rarely seen previously. For this reason, it is important for primary care physicians to have knowledge about the subject to perform correct diagnosis and posterior treatment. Some sexual abuse cases in children may also be suspected based on the knowledge of the characteristic oropharyngeal manifestations secondary to them.